by Laura Crum
So
in the last post I talked about sacking, saddling, and tying a horse around,
and said that once you were done with these steps the horse was ready to ride.
Are there other things you could do first? Sure there are. You could drive the
horse with long lines, or lunge the horse with side reins, or do some other
forms of checking up. Would I do these things? Not usually. Not until after I
was riding the horse.
There’s
a reason for this. You don’t want to put off getting on a horse too long. I
don’t know how horses know that you’re afraid to get on them, but believe me,
they know. If you keep putting off actually climbing on the colt, and stay
endlessly dinking around on the ground, the horse will sense that somehow the
actual riding of him is a big deal. And it becomes a big deal in his mind, too.
There’s
a rhythm to the whole thing. Every horse is different, but with a typical colt
you’re about two to three weeks into the process when you get on him. You’ve
tied him and sacked him and saddled him and tied him around. He’s a little worn
down by all this and somewhat inclined to be compliant and accept that new
things are happening to him. Hopefully, he’s developed a little bit of trust
that if he complies with what’s happening, it will be OK. And now is the time
to climb on him. (For more about my thoughts on breaking a colt, I wove quite a
story about this into my 7th mystery novel, Hayburner.)
Ideally
the first ride is in the round pen. With no round pen we often did the first ride
with the colt ponied by an experienced hand on an experienced pony horse. Or in
the deep sand in the riverbed (at one ranch). The goal is to have a situation
where if the colt panics, you have a chance of staying in control. We didn’t
often have one panic, to be clear. I can only recall one that really came
unglued with me, in all the years I spent climbing on colts. But yes, it does
happen.
You
really need to be a competent rider to start colts. It’s honestly no place for
a beginner. On the other hand, I was no bronc rider—at any point in my life.
And I helped start well over a hundred young horses in my 20’s and 30’s. But I
was, at that time, a pretty competent, experienced rider, who could read a
horse reasonably well. (At this point in my life I’m much better at reading a
horse, but much less able as rider—the perks and disadvantages of growing
older.)
The
preferred place for the first ride is a solid round pen or bull pen—thirty to
fifty feet in diameter, with ground of good deep sand. It’s best to have no one
else in the pen. If the horse won’t stand still for mounting, it’s better to
work on him learning to stand still than it is to have someone hold him from
the ground. Said someone can really get in the way—and get hurt.
If
you can’t mount from the ground you have no business starting colts. We would
usually work the colt in the round pen first, and go through the things he had
learned-- trot, lope, whoa on cue-- get him slightly tired. Too tired is no
good—“stealing a ride” is not desirable. But tired enough that he was ready to
stand still—a light sweat on the neck. At that point we would bring him to the
middle of the round pen, and begin the process of teaching him about mounting.
With some colts you ended up working on mounting for several days before you
ever rode them. But with many the mounting didn’t take too long.
Basically,
you pull the colt’s head gently to the left, and if you have done your tying
around effectively, this is familiar and the horse yields easily. You put your
left foot in the stirrup, and you begin hopping up and down and pulling on the
saddle and what have you. The goal is not to scare the horse, but to get him
used to you moving around there. If you have done your sacking thoroughly,
this, too, is not usually a big deal.
If
the horse wants to move, you keep him moving in a circle around you with his
head bent to the left. If at any point the horse rebels against this, you need
to go back to the tying around. But if he just walks around you in a circle you
let him walk, often with you hopping along, one foot in the stirrup, one on the
ground (being VERY careful that you are ready to jerk that foot out of the
stirrup at any time). You don’t go further until the horse stands still.
Once
the colt stands absolutely still no matter how much you hop and pull on the
saddle, you pull yourself up until you are standing in the stirrup. Again, you
are poised to leap clear of the horse. You have the horse’s head bent to the
left. If the colt moves forward at this point, you step down and continue
hopping around with him. And you repeat these steps until you can pull yourself
up and stand in the left stirrup and the horse is unconcerned and stands still.
Once
the horse is OK with you standing in the stirrup, you begin reaching over the
horse, and talking to the horse,
leaning over him, getting him used to the idea that you are on him. He needs to
be aware that you are above him, on his back and be ok with this. The whole
time you keep his head bent to the left with the rein and you are poised to jump
off and pull his head to you if he leaps forward. You work on this until the
horse is calm. If he does jump forward and you have to step off, you spend a
lot more time working on it. You do not want the horse to feel fearful about
you being on his back when you do sit on him. When the horse is absolutely OK
with you being above him like this, you are ready to sit on him.
This
is the moment of truth. The moment where you swing your leg over a horse is the
most vulnerable moment for a rider—always. Even a good rider is vulnerable at
this point. We tried, always, to have the horse calm and accepting of the idea
that you were “on” him before we swung that leg over. It is very important that
from the first ride on the horse learn to stand still for mounting and not move
off until given a cue by the rider.
So
yeah, when you felt the horse was ready-- calm and standing still and
comfortable with you above him and on him-- you took a deep breath and swung
that leg over, settled yourself in the saddle and found that right stirrup with
your foot, hopefully without upsetting the colt. Once you were settled on him
and ready to roll, you took a bit of time to talk to him and praise him, all
the time keeping his head slightly bent to the left. And when you felt that he
was ready, you asked him to take a step forward, while bending to the left.
The
goal was to walk him in a small circle to the left, say whoa, have him stop and
praise him, then bend his head to the right and have him do the same thing on
the other side. If you got through this calmly and smoothly, your chances of
having a “good” first ride were very high.
Of
course, it doesn’t always go like this, though I’m here to say that with the
colts I started, this was a more common scenario than not. But sometimes the
shit did hit the fan.
Colts
would startle and leap forward—there were two possible responses to this and
you had to choose quickly. The truly great hands always just let the horse
alone. If he wanted to scoot around that round pen, they let him ago until he
wanted to stop. If he wanted to bog his head and buck, they let him do it and
sat up on him and rode him until he was ready to stop bucking. Nothing makes a
broke horse quicker and better than someone who can do this. Unfortunately, I
was never that person. I know very few people who ever were that person. I have
seen it done and it is really is the best way to start a colt. He learns early
on that bolting and bucking just don’t do any good—and that lesson sticks with
him for life.
However,
for me and most people I knew, this approach wasn’t an option. I simply did not
ride well enough to ride out a bucking horse. I have let one scoot around, but
I was ready to grab his head if he started to put it down. And that is your
second option. You double the colt, and if you’ve done your work well, you are
able to get him in a tight circle, pulling his nose to your stirrup, and you
just keep him going around until he stops of his own accord and puts slack in
the rein. And then you praise him and release him and start again to get him to
take a calm step forward, always with his head bent to one side or the other.
The
other big problem was a horse that did not want to take a step. This was
surprisingly common. We tried to avoid thumping on a horse with our heels to
get him to move forward, and I never used spurs on a first ride. The usual
approach was to pull the horse’s head around as if you were doubling him, thump
on him as much as you had to with the outside leg, and release/praise him as
soon as he took one step. Usually this problem went away after a couple of
rides. But if it persisted, once we were sure the horse was not frightened by
having a rider on his back, we would over and under him with the long snaffle
bit reins that we used, and get him to jump forward (not on the first ride).
From very early days it is important that the horse develop the habit of moving
forward quickly and lightly in response to the leg cue.
A
good first ride lasted maybe ten minutes, and the horse walked in circles in
both directions and whoaed on command. He got a lot of petting and praise for
doing this. Then came the mounting procedure in reverse, because you had to
start all over again to be sure the colt would be OK with the dismount. It was
a HUGE negative to have a successful first ride and then have the colt panic
when the rider dismounted. So we always took our time getting the colt
comfortable with the idea of the dismount.
Some
people dismount and mount several times at the end of the ride to reinforce
this. I think that’s a judgment call. Sometimes it can be a good idea—depends
on the circumstances.
In
the next post I’ll talk about early rides on a horse and what we tried to
accomplish.
Gunner
as a three year old—a green broke horse—I had put about ninety days on him at
this point.
4 comments:
Again, there are interesting differences and interesting similarities with what I've seen. One very well respected breaker of TBs I knew in Ireland was similar to your approach in that he didn't want anyone holding the horse when he mounted. He didn't want to have to worry about anyone except himself if the poop hit the fan! His weird quirky thing was that, the day a youngster arrived for breaking (usually 3year olds for national hunt racing), he tacked it up, lunged it and, all going well, brought it to a spot in the alley between some stalls, where the concrete floor was like polished marble after years and years of traffic, lie across him a few times and then sit astride. The baby horse would be so worried about keeping his feet under him on the slippery floor that this always went smoothly - he never had an accident doing it. His rationale for doing this the day the horse arrived was that there had already been so much happening to the horse that day, this was just going to be one more strange event to be processed. He read his horses well and if he had a fighter on his hands he wouldn't back them on day one. He had a great reputation for producing well behaved racehorses who could go on for other careers (eventing, jumping, hunting) if they weren't fast enough but I think the secret of his success was his ability to read a horse (as well as his stickability. He could sit an exploding TB like no-one else)
Another producer of hunting horses that I knew used to back them in a bog - literally knee to elbow deep in mud - so that they couldn't throw their full arsenal at the rider. A similar approach to the tying up of a leg that I mentioned before... I had two horses broken by him in my yard and they were both stubborn & pig-headed for their owners. I think they were broken to be ridden by him or someone else very tough but not by an average rider.
In both cases, I think the methods used were not ideal and at the time, even though i greatly respected the TB trainer, I felt that there had to be a better way.
Martine--Not knowing the trainers you speak of, I don't have an opinion, but I have seen the slippery surface used, and also deep ground and/or water. I never tried either of these things. I will say, however, that the horses I broke using the methods I talk about here were none of them stubborn or pig-headed in later life--they all made good, reliable broke horses. So I feel that the methods worked and if I were to break colts today, I would use this system. I have seen a great many horses who were babied along and trained in"kinder" fashions that never ever became what I would call reliably broke. For the rest of their lives when they felt like sulling up and defying the rider/handler, they simply did so. Anyway, it's interesting to hear the different methods that are used.
Absolutely, you can overdo the 'babying' and you can overdo the 'insisting'. I think the best method lies somewhere in the middle ground but especially to remember that there is no One Size Fits All method of training. Every horse is different.
I really like the Emergency Stop you talk about and that's something that was definitely overlooked by every breaker I knew. Including me - I broke a couple of ponies I had bred and maybe 2 or 3 horses. If I'd know as much back then as I know now of pressure/release timing and of the One Rein Stop I'd have done things differently.
Agreed. Every single colt required a slightly different modification of these basic steps. Some needed a LOT of one thing, and others needed very little to none of that thing. And I'm all for the middle ground. I have to say that from what I see/read about, the overwhelming trend right now is to do way too much babying. People think this is kinder and completely overlook the sad fate that comes to a pushy, spoiled horse, especially one that has hurt his rider. The way we trained ranch horses, if the individual trainer was kind and skilled, we had a really good percentage of them turn out solid and reliable. Like 85% or so (which is allowing for the fact that we got all sorts, including some pretty snorty ones). And I think there is a reason that people of all disciplines think of ranch horses and rope horses as really "broke" dependable horses. This method of training is part of the reason. But yeah, I'm prejudiced. I grew up riding/training this sort of horse, and I really love them. I also understand the combination of the good solid QH mind and the steady, clear training methods that "make" these horses what they are. Still, no doubt if I had dipped into other disciplines, I would probably have seen different methods and perhaps thought differently.
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